[ Dave - 2 - 09:17:39 ]
Good Morning.

[ John/ProjectManager - 3 - 09:40:45 ]
Hi Everyone! Looking forward to hearing your questions this morning!

[ Nasif - 4 - 09:45:35 ]
Hello?

[ Nasif - 5 - 09:46:02 ]
Good Morning.

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 6 - 09:48:41 ]
Hi Nasif

[ John/ProjectManager - 7 - 09:50:37 ]
Hi Nas! While I have no here, why don't we try to get some of our fabulous UHS students/tennis players for future web chats/video conferences?

[ John/ProjectManager - 8 - 09:51:01 ]
That why I have you here...

[ Rabi - 9 - 09:51:06 ]
Hi -- I am here

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 10 - 09:52:08 ]
Hi Rabi.

[ Rabi - 11 - 09:52:42 ]
Jani, are you still going to direct questions to each one of us or do we just jump in?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 12 - 09:55:30 ]
You can just jump in. There have been some interesting ones submitted over the last couple of days.

[ Nasif/CoInvestigator - 13 - 09:56:37 ]
RE: [John/ProjectManager] Hi Nas! While I have no here, why don't we try to get some of our fabulous UHS students/tennis players for future web chats/video conferences?
I just wanted to try replying to a specific message... I think that would be great. We should talk about specific kids who you know as tennis players that I could bring into this.

[ Les/CAIeast - 14 - 09:57:47 ]
Yoo, I'm here!

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 15 - 09:59:08 ]
Good Morning Les

[ Les/CAIeast - 16 - 10:00:39 ]
Good afternoon Jani.

[ Shishir - 17 - 10:01:54 ]
Good morning everyone.

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 18 - 10:02:22 ]
Good Morning Shishir

[ John/ProjectManager - 19 - 10:02:41 ]
Hi Shishir!

[ Nasif/CoInvestigator - 20 - 10:04:14 ]
Hello Shishir, Les, and Rabi!

[ John/ProjectManager - 21 - 10:05:01 ]
Rabi, I wonder if you saw the Sampras tape?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 22 - 10:05:04 ]
I want to welcome everyone here! This morning we have several experts on our Aerodynamics of Sports project who will discuss our project and answer your questions.

[ Kim - 23 - 10:05:16 ]
Good Mornng, John, Jani, This is Kim Shanley from TennisONE joining in.Since it's 10 a.m. by my clock, let me ask a question: When they say Sampras has hit a 125 mph serve, how fast is the ball going when it leaves his racquet and how fast is it going when it reaches the opponent?

[ Les/CAIeast - 24 - 10:05:26 ]
Naisf, You have tried a "reply". I see the RE:[John.... message and your reply. But I can't seem to duplicate what you did.

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 25 - 10:05:34 ]
We have John Yandell, our tennis expert and Project Manager.

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 26 - 10:05:45 ]
Hello, glad to be able to be a part of this discussion.

[ Rabi - 27 - 10:06:33 ]
RE: [John/ProjectManager] Rabi, I wonder if you saw the Sampras tape?
Yes, John -- I gave it a quick look and I was quite thrilled --- I need to spend some more time on it and then I will get back to you.

[ Nasif/CoInvestigator - 28 - 10:06:40 ]
RE: [Kim] Good Mornng, John, Jani, This is Kim Shanley from TennisONE joining in.Since it's 10 a.m. by my clock, let me ask a question: When they say Sampras has hit a 125 mph serve, how fast is the ball going when it leaves his racquet and how fast is it going when it reaches the opponent?
I can answer that one. It is going about 125 mph as it leaves his racquet, but it slows down quite a bit as it crosses the court. By the time it reaches his opponent it might be going 70-90 mph

[ John/ProjectManager - 29 - 10:06:51 ]
Hi Fame.

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 30 - 10:07:02 ]
Have you yet determined from your information at the US Open what the fastest ground strokes can be?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 31 - 10:07:03 ]
Also with us our Dr. Rabi Mehta from NASA Ames, our wind tunnel specialist. Shishir Pandya also from Ames, our computational fluid dynamicist and Nasif Iskander, our co-investigator.

[ Nasif/CoInvestigator - 32 - 10:07:35 ]
RE: [Les/CAIeast] Naisf, You have tried a "reply". I see the RE:[John.... message and your reply. But I can't seem to duplicate what you did.
Les - you push the radio button next to the message you would like to reply to.

[ John/ProjectManager - 33 - 10:08:24 ]
RE: [Fame/TennisPlayer] Have you yet determined from your information at the US Open what the fastest ground strokes can be?
Not yet. At the Open we were looking mainly at spin. Some of our other data bears on ball speed.

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 34 - 10:08:36 ]
Will there be opportunities for interested players to participate in this reseacrh at some point in time?

[ John/ProjectManager - 35 - 10:09:11 ]
In response to what Kim asked: the ball also slows down to about 60 after the bounce.

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 36 - 10:10:08 ]
Besides an opportunity to make learning science and mathematical principles more fun for school children, what are the ultimate goals of the research you are doing?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 37 - 10:10:14 ]
RE: [Fame/TennisPlayer] Will there be opportunities for interested players to participate in this reseacrh at some point in time?
Our project is mostly oriented towards education. We welcome suggestions on how interested players might participate.

[ Kim - 38 - 10:10:31 ]
From an aerodynamic point of view, can you explain what happens when a ball is hit with topspin? What forces bring the ball down into the court faster than a ball hit without spin?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 39 - 10:10:51 ]
John can you answer Fames's question.

[ MarciKamberg - 40 - 10:10:59 ]
Hello I am a member of the team at St.Joseph's My class will be arriving soon

[ H - 41 - 10:11:19 ]
How much of a difference do 18 gauge versus 15 gauge strings make on revolutions per minute (spin) or power, if they are at identical tensions, swing paths, etc.

[ John/ProjectManager - 42 - 10:11:19 ]
RE: [Fame/TennisPlayer] Besides an opportunity to make learning science and mathematical principles more fun for school children, what are the ultimate goals of the research you are doing?
To understand some of the fundamental of the game for the first time, and to aplly what we learn to teaching and coaching.

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 43 - 10:11:20 ]
Rabi, can you answer Kim's question.

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 44 - 10:11:28 ]
How was tennis chosen to be the object of this research

[ tiger - 45 - 10:11:37 ]
First Flight Middle School is here. Can you tell us - is RED the reply color, BLACK the question color?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 46 - 10:11:53 ]
Good Morning Marci! Welcome!

[ HighlandConnie - 47 - 10:11:53 ]
what type of air do you use for soccer balls oxygen or helium?

[ Rabi - 48 - 10:12:00 ]
RE: [Kim] From an aerodynamic point of view, can you explain what happens when a ball is hit with topspin? What forces bring the ball down into the court faster than a ball hit without spin?
With top spin, there is an additional aerodynamic force knwon as the Magnus force which will act to drop the ball down faster.

[ John/ProjectManager - 49 - 10:12:28 ]
RE: [H] How much of a difference do 18 gauge versus 15 gauge strings make on revolutions per minute (spin) or power, if they are at identical tensions, swing paths, etc.
Good question--but we'd have to get Pete or some other player, to play with 2 different gauges of string...

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 50 - 10:13:18 ]
Is it possible for a perfectly physically sound game to beat a Jimmy Connors type strategy game?

[ Dave - 51 - 10:13:23 ]
Tiger: Yes, red is reply. Black is for questions. blue is the moderator

[ John/ProjectManager - 52 - 10:13:25 ]
Shishir, can you shed any light on Connie's question, #47??

[ Rabi - 53 - 10:13:42 ]
John, do you know what tennis balls are filled with -- what gas? Soccer balls are just filled with air.

[ H - 54 - 10:13:54 ]
Re string thickness effects: What? No lab or control tests to go with the field work?

[ Les/CAIeast - 55 - 10:14:08 ]
Hi Marci..

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 56 - 10:14:35 ]
RE: [Fame/TennisPlayer] How was tennis chosen to be the object of this research
John Yandell approached me with the work he and Nasif were doing in ball speed. Then a collaboration started; as an aerodynamicist and software developer I thought that engineers and scientists could make a contribution with sports scentist - working together.

[ John/ProjectManager - 57 - 10:14:50 ]
RE: [Fame/TennisPlayer] Is it possible for a perfectly physically sound game to beat a Jimmy Connors type strategy game?
It depends on execution--good defense beats weaker offense and vis versa--can Connors pass McEnroe or or McEnroe's volleys too good. Do you follow?

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 58 - 10:15:01 ]
Is there such a thing from your studies as a 'perfectly played point' that can't be lost?

[ HighlandConnie - 59 - 10:15:23 ]
would golf balls bounce if you threw them on asphalt?

[ John/ProjectManager - 60 - 10:15:57 ]
Rabi, I THINK it's just regular air. Nasif??

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 61 - 10:16:10 ]
Yes, but on perfect execution of the perfect physically oriented play would the more sound player beat the executing 'smart' player?

[ Les/CAIeast - 62 - 10:16:18 ]
Jani, I've seen no moderator blue. And do you know what a radio button looks like?...

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 63 - 10:16:38 ]
Rabi, can you answer Connie's question on golf balls?

[ Kim - 64 - 10:16:42 ]
Another spin question: can spin be generated best with a racquet strung tightly or loosely? We know Borg used to string his racquet very tightly and he produced tremendous topspin.

[ Rabi - 65 - 10:17:05 ]
RE: [HighlandConnie] would golf balls bounce if you threw them on asphalt?
Sure, i know this from personal experience since a lot of my drives wind up on the road!!! Actually, a golf ball will also deform on impact, but not as much as a tennis ball.

[ HighlandConnie - 66 - 10:17:08 ]
do you answer kids'questions ,ever?

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 67 - 10:17:26 ]
If there is such a thing as a perfect point, when will your instructional series of books and tapes be coming out?

[ John/ProjectManager - 68 - 10:17:34 ]
RE: [Fame/TennisPlayer] Is there such a thing from your studies as a 'perfectly played point' that can't be lost?
Well, a 139mph ace would be one... but in general it depends on patterns of exchanges between the players--if I can hit inside out forehands to your backhand, get you out of court and hit winners--then that's an example.

[ Shishir - 69 - 10:17:41 ]
RE: [HighlandConnie] what type of air do you use for soccer balls oxygen or helium?
Soccer balls are filled with plain air, the same stuff you and I breath everyday. All you need is a bicycle pump and a needle that fits the soccer ball.

[ MarciStJosephs - 70 - 10:18:01 ]
Hello I am a member of the team at St.Joseph's My class will be arriving soon

[ Dave - 71 - 10:18:27 ]
Les: You, like I are just a regular participant so you don't have the radio buttons on your page and your text shows up as black. The moderator has not participated in a while

[ HighlandConnie - 72 - 10:18:57 ]
where isthe wright brothers now?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 73 - 10:18:59 ]
RE: [HighlandConnie] do you answer kids'questions ,ever?
Sure Connie. Ask away! Are you refreshing your screen?

[ John/ProjectManager - 74 - 10:19:12 ]
RE: [Kim] Another spin question: can spin be generated best with a racquet strung tightly or loosely? We know Borg used to string his racquet very tightly and he produced tremendous topspin.
Kim, I think you are right--tight strings for spin.

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 75 - 10:19:23 ]
Do you have plans to allow other researchers or tennis professionals conduct some of these studies? (Or, are the equipment requirements to elaborate?)

[ Rabi - 76 - 10:19:53 ]
RE: [Kim] Another spin question: can spin be generated best with a racquet strung tightly or loosely? We know Borg used to string his racquet very tightly and he produced tremendous topspin.
I would think that a loosely strung racket would impart more spin, but not as much velocity --- what do you think, John?

[ Nasif/CoInvestigator - 77 - 10:19:56 ]
RE: [John/ProjectManager] Rabi, I THINK it's just regular air. Nasif??
I'm not sure, but I think that they are packed in nitrogen (??). Perhaps they are pressurized with nitrogen?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 78 - 10:20:37 ]
RE: [HighlandConnie] where isthe wright brothers now?
Do you mean the Wright Brother's plane? It is at the Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Wilbur passed away in 1912 and Orville in the 1940's.

[ Bo/GriffinCreekElem - 79 - 10:21:06 ]
Why is there fuzz on a tennis ball?

[ Les/CAIeast - 80 - 10:21:11 ]
Hi Dave. Thanks Dave. So why can't regular "guts" ask questions?...;-)

[ John/ProjectManager - 81 - 10:21:26 ]
RE: [Fame/TennisPlayer] Do you have plans to allow other researchers or tennis professionals conduct some of these studies? (Or, are the equipment requirements to elaborate?)
We've put together the top sports scientists in tennis, example, Paul Roetert, Phd, Jack Groppel, Phd, and Howard Brody, Phd. Of course we are always looking for input or questions.

[ HighlandConnie - 82 - 10:22:03 ]
do you know the real reason the hindenburg crashed ?

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 83 - 10:22:22 ]
(From his dad.) Will you be looking at the effects on the players body (tennis elbow) during your studies of spins, etc.?

[ Dave - 84 - 10:23:05 ]
Les: You just need the password for that. Call home base if you want to be with the "in crowd".

[ John/ProjectManager - 85 - 10:23:11 ]
Hi Bo! Good question--there has always been fuzz--it's key to the way the ball bounces--we are going to do some tests of balls without fuzz and that may help answer the difference

[ John/ProjectManager - 86 - 10:23:40 ]
RE: [Nasif/CoInvestigator] I'm not sure, but I think that they are packed in nitrogen (??). Perhaps they are pressurized with nitrogen?
Nitrogen?? Learn something everyday!!

[ Peter/PS102 - 87 - 10:23:56 ]
Hi everyone, this is Peter from New YORK

[ John/ProjectManager - 88 - 10:24:15 ]
Rabi, we also have the same high speed footage of many other players.

[ Jay/USTennisAssocNCalifornia - 89 - 10:24:20 ]
John: What do you see as the practical applications of this technoloigy in training players?

[ John/ProjectManager - 90 - 10:24:39 ]
RE: [Peter/PS102] Hi everyone, this is Peter from New YORK
Hi Peter, are you a player?

[ Les/CAIeast - 91 - 10:24:49 ]
Hi Peter. Welcome!

[ Nasif/CoInvestigator - 92 - 10:24:55 ]
RE: [Bo/GriffinCreekElem] Why is there fuzz on a tennis ball?
Bo - I don't know historically why they made tennis balls fuzzy, but it does slow the ball down, and it also reduces some of the "curve ball" effects it would otherwise experience. John, do you know about the history of tennis ball fuzz?

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 93 - 10:25:01 ]
Have you tested any players who are well versed in the physics and mathematical implications of your undertakings?

[ Rabi - 94 - 10:25:02 ]
RE: [Bo/GriffinCreekElem] Why is there fuzz on a tennis ball?
Good question. I don't know the exact answer, but having looked at the history of many other sports, I would guess that there is some weird historical reason.

[ HighlandConnie - 95 - 10:25:25 ]
Do you know why if you flatten your lips your air will lastlonger

[ tiger - 96 - 10:26:09 ]
RE: Does a golf ball bounce on asphault? Yeah! We do it all the time. There are little rubberbands inside that give them great bounce. How high it bounces depends on force of impact. And we all know that for every action there is an opposite and equal reaction. Enough force=pothole

[ John/ProjectManager - 97 - 10:26:17 ]
RE: [Jay/USTennisAssocNCalifornia] John: What do you see as the practical applications of this technoloigy in training players?
Hi Jay! Nice to see the USTA represented here. In fact the sports science people see great coaching and teaching application. They have already used footage of Mary Jo Fernandez to help with her wrist injury.

[ Peter/PS102 - 98 - 10:26:26 ]
I WAS TALKING WITR MY TEACHER THIS MORNING ABOUT THE FUZZ ON A TENNIS BALL. I THOUGHT THAT IT WOULD MOVE FASTER WITHOUT IT. ANY IDEAS?

[ JimTennisONE - 99 - 10:26:33 ]
Impact distortion - when the ball is struck it compresses and then returns to its natural shape, any info on how long the distortion lasts, and more to the point whether the ball bounces before it has returned to its natural shape

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 100 - 10:27:19 ]
Still waiting to hear if any numbers have come out of your research regarding the top speed of ground strokes?

[ Peter/PS102 - 101 - 10:27:32 ]
No, I'm a 4th grade student and I play basketball.

[ John/ProjectManager - 102 - 10:27:36 ]
RE: [Fame/TennisPlayer] Have you tested any players who are well versed in the physics and mathematical implications of your undertakings?
Well, John McEnroe was fascinated to know how fast the ball was spinning--that's one of our challenges to help players understand tennis!!

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 103 - 10:27:46 ]
RE: [HighlandConnie] do you know the real reason the hindenburg crashed ?
You know I will have to look the up for you.

[ John/ProjectManager - 104 - 10:28:14 ]
RE: [Peter/PS102] No, I'm a 4th grade student and I play basketball.
Very good!

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 105 - 10:28:20 ]
Nasif, cam you answer Peter's question on speed and fuzz.

[ Nasif/CoInvestigator - 106 - 10:28:28 ]
RE: [Peter/PS102] I WAS TALKING WITR MY TEACHER THIS MORNING ABOUT THE FUZZ ON A TENNIS BALL. I THOUGHT THAT IT WOULD MOVE FASTER WITHOUT IT. ANY IDEAS?
Hi Peter! I think you are right. If the ball was smoother, then it would probably feel less air drag, and it would go faster.

[ Jay/USTennisAssocNCalifornia - 107 - 10:28:31 ]
John: As far as cost goes, is this technology going to be opened up to say, the top 10 juniors who are nationally ranked in their age group?

[ Peter/PS102 - 108 - 10:28:43 ]
Hi everyone, I'm Blake and I am also a 4th grader at P.S. 102.

[ Bo/GriffinCreekElem - 109 - 10:28:56 ]
Thanks, John. How does a wind tunnel work and what can you find out when you put a ball in one?

[ Marci/StJosephs - 110 - 10:29:06 ]
We are all here now and there 5 students and Trisha and myself in the room. I will start with a question. I wwant let everyone know that I just arrived so if I repeat a question I am sorry. Why does a ball have a line on it?

[ Rabi - 111 - 10:29:40 ]
RE: [Peter/PS102] I WAS TALKING WITR MY TEACHER THIS MORNING ABOUT THE FUZZ ON A TENNIS BALL. I THOUGHT THAT IT WOULD MOVE FASTER WITHOUT IT. ANY IDEAS?
This is a very good question and I think i would tend to agree --- the fuzz probably adds roughness which makes the boundary layers turbulent and hence less drag.

[ Nasif/CoInvestigator - 112 - 10:29:43 ]
Peter - I wonder if this is why they have always made tennis balls fuzzy. Perhaps they don't want them to go too fast?

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 113 - 10:29:47 ]
At what point does the lower weight of todays racquets become disadvantageous to the players efforts?

[ John/ProjectManager - 114 - 10:30:12 ]
RE: [Fame/TennisPlayer] Still waiting to hear if any numbers have come out of your research regarding the top speed of ground strokes?
We don't know the maximums, but we have clocked Pete Sampras forehands at about 95mph! And Agassi returns at about the same.

[ Blake/PS102 - 115 - 10:31:00 ]
We were also wondering about muscle size and if that can make a tennis ball go faster or slower?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 116 - 10:31:02 ]
RE: [HighlandConnie] Do you know why if you flatten your lips your air will lastlonger
Connie, can you explain your question a little more?

[ Nasif/CoInvestigator - 117 - 10:31:18 ]
RE: [John/ProjectManager] We don't know the maximums, but we have clocked Pete Sampras forehands at about 95mph! And Agassi returns at about the same.
We also saw one overhead shot that was almost as fast as a serve!

[ Dave - 118 - 10:31:20 ]
About the smooth ball. Wouldn't that make the flow over the ball laminar? If a smooth ball is in laminar flow then the drag will be higher and thus it will be slower.

[ Jay/USTennisAssocNCalifornia - 119 - 10:31:35 ]
I hear alot of talk about the speed and the spin of shots in tennis. Are you looking at the direction of the shots in relation to the mechanics of the strokes?

[ John/ProjectManager - 120 - 10:31:48 ]
Jim, Very good question--it happens so fast we caught it only a few times at the Open--it seems to go back and forth a couple to a few times in a matter of 1/100's of a second. The distortion is pretty radical.

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 121 - 10:31:56 ]
How long do you expect your study to last?

[ tiger - 122 - 10:32:01 ]
RE Highland Connie. We live in NC and go to school in sight of the FIRST FLIGHT ever. The Wright Brothers are dead. But the monument to their achievement still stands.

[ Nasif/CoInvestigator - 123 - 10:32:36 ]
RE: [Dave] About the smooth ball. Wouldn't that make the flow over the ball laminar? If a smooth ball is in laminar flow then the drag will be higher and thus it will be slower.
Hmm... that makes sense. It will be interesting to try this out experimentally.

[ Rabi - 124 - 10:32:42 ]
RE: [Bo/GriffinCreekElem] Thanks, John. How does a wind tunnel work and what can you find out when you put a ball in one?
A wind tunnel basically generates a flow of wind past a stationary ball -- this is equivalent to a ball flying through the air. the main prupose of wind tunnel tests would be to study the flow over the ball and measure the aerodynamic foces so that computations can then be used to predict flight paths.

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 125 - 10:32:50 ]
RE: [Peter/PS102] Hi everyone, I'm Blake and I am also a 4th grader at P.S. 102.
Good morning Blake and welcome to everyone at PS 102 in Brooklyn!!!!

[ John/ProjectManager - 126 - 10:33:03 ]
RE: [Jay/USTennisAssocNCalifornia] John: As far as cost goes, is this technology going to be opened up to say, the top 10 juniors who are nationally ranked in their age group?
You mean the conclusions and implications of the work?

[ Marci/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf - 127 - 10:34:10 ]
Hello MY question was Why does a tennis ball have a line around it? Does it effect the speed of the ball?

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 128 - 10:34:22 ]
Who's Jim? What was his question?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 129 - 10:34:25 ]
Welcome Marci and all our students from St. Joseph's in the Bronx!!!!

[ Shishir - 130 - 10:34:26 ]
RE: [Dave] About the smooth ball. Wouldn't that make the flow over the ball laminar? If a smooth ball is in laminar flow then the drag will be higher and thus it will be slower.
Hi Dave, I think Rabi explained it right in 111.

[ Rabi - 131 - 10:34:29 ]
RE: [Dave] About the smooth ball. Wouldn't that make the flow over the ball laminar? If a smooth ball is in laminar flow then the drag will be higher and thus it will be slower.
Okay, I misunderstood the earler student's thinking. YES, the fuzzy ball will have less drag, I think -- compared to a completely smooth ball.

[ John/ProjectManager - 132 - 10:34:35 ]
RE: [Marci/StJosephs] We are all here now and there 5 students and Trisha and myself in the room. I will start with a question. I wwant let everyone know that I just arrived so if I repeat a question I am sorry. Why does a ball have a line on it?
It's the seam--it joins the two halves of the ball together with a type of glue.

[ JimTennisONE - 133 - 10:34:45 ]
Does the dwell time vary with the amount of spin created, or said another way does the ball stay on the strings longer with a topspin hit than a flat hit (which compares Borg with McEnroe)

[ John/PS102 - 134 - 10:35:01 ]
Hi Everyone, I'm John from P.S. 102. Glad to be here.

[ Jay/USTennisAssocNCalifornia - 135 - 10:35:04 ]
I'm referring to using the technology to help the students improve their own games. Actually analyzing their games.

[ Les/CAIeast - 136 - 10:35:50 ]
Nasif, My gut feeling is that the fuzzier ball would slow down quicker; that the fuzz would generate more unbalanced turbulence; hence the slower ball, subject to greater force, would "move" more than the smoother, faster ball.

[ Marci/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf - 137 - 10:36:01 ]
WHy do they have different kinds of court surfaces?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 138 - 10:36:09 ]
RE: [tiger] RE Highland Connie. We live in NC and go to school in sight of the FIRST FLIGHT ever. The Wright Brothers are dead. But the monument to their achievement still stands.
Hello First Fliigt Middle School!

[ John/ProjectManager - 139 - 10:36:13 ]
RE: [Fame/TennisPlayer] At what point does the lower weight of todays racquets become disadvantageous to the players efforts?
It seems to depend on level. The better players are so strong they can swing heavier rackets very fast. You want the heaviest racket you can still swing quickly in all situations. Therefore for lower levels, lighter is better!

[ Rabi - 140 - 10:37:27 ]
RE: [Marci/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf] Hello MY question was Why does a tennis ball have a line around it? Does it effect the speed of the ball?
The line is similar to the stitching on a baseball and i think it makes it easier to manufacture the balls from two hour-glass strips of material --- it probably affects the aerodynamics some, but not significantly --- the stitching on a baseball plays a more significant role.

[ John/ProjectManager - 141 - 10:38:26 ]
RE: [Blake/PS102] We were also wondering about muscle size and if that can make a tennis ball go faster or slower?
Blake-really interesting! The top players don't have big muscles--it has to do with how fast you can swing the racket--not how much weight you lift--BUT strength training in moderation seems to ehlp all players.

[ tiger - 142 - 10:38:58 ]
Why don't flat or "dead" tennis balls work as well as new ones? How MUCH air is in a new tennis ball?

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 143 - 10:40:00 ]
Will you be interested in providing the USTA and other organizations input regarding speeding up or making the pro game different in any way from how it now is?

[ Dave - 144 - 10:40:23 ]
Marci: About your quesion on the seam - Current theory is that it does not effect the aerodynamics but we plan to investigate that in our experiments.

[ John/ProjectManager - 145 - 10:40:31 ]
RE: [Jay/USTennisAssocNCalifornia] I hear alot of talk about the speed and the spin of shots in tennis. Are you looking at the direction of the shots in relation to the mechanics of the strokes?
That's an excellent question. Since a few degrees in the angle of the racket at contact changes the direction by several feet, we would need more controlled conditions than we could establish at the Open.

[ John/PS102 - 146 - 10:40:33 ]
regarding racquet weight, does muscle size help or hinder ball speed?

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 147 - 10:41:53 ]
John - Isn't 'quicker' a subjective term?

[ Les/CAIeast - 148 - 10:42:10 ]
Hi Trish. Hi John.

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 149 - 10:42:12 ]
RE: [Fame/TennisPlayer] How long do you expect your study to last?
I hope that we will be able to conduct this study for 3 years. We will at least collect data through May of this year. John and I will be going to the USTA training center to conduct work on ball bounce; a pro event to look at ball speed and then we hope to do a wind tunnel test by May.

[ John/ProjectManager - 150 - 10:42:23 ]
RE: [Fame/TennisPlayer] Who's Jim? What was his question?
Jim is Jim McClennan, noted teaching pro, player, and student of the game. He asked if we could see the deformation of the ball--it's answered somewhere above!

[ Dave - 151 - 10:42:24 ]
Hi John/PS102, thanks for coming.

[ HighlandConnie - 152 - 10:42:40 ]
Hi I am Lauren I want to know how high a regular plane can go???

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 153 - 10:43:13 ]
Will you be looking at the new longer racquets compared to the traditional length models?

[ Blake/PS102 - 154 - 10:43:55 ]
How many days of traning dose it take.

[ John/ProjectManager - 155 - 10:44:25 ]
RE: [JimTennisONE] Does the dwell time vary with the amount of spin created, or said another way does the ball stay on the strings longer with a topspin hit than a flat hit (which compares Borg with McEnroe)
Jim--we are hoping to get faster cameras to study things like this. Even at 500 frames a second, we see the ball on the strings for only 1 frame!! The other problem is making top players sit still and film them outside tournaments.

[ Bo/GriffinCreekElem - 156 - 10:45:15 ]
Will there be any sign language for this project?

[ tiger - 157 - 10:45:55 ]
Why do rackets have different size heads? HEY PROS, has this Aerodynamic stuff helped your game (for example, can it help you be better at windy day play)? PROS!! do you recommend and particular kind of racket?

[ John/ProjectManager - 158 - 10:45:57 ]
RE: [Jay/USTennisAssocNCalifornia] I'm referring to using the technology to help the students improve their own games. Actually analyzing their games.
Yes, we are hoping to draw conclusions about bio-mechanics--say of Pete's serve--and quantify them in a way that we can compare other players who developing, via video of them and software analysis.

[ Shishir - 159 - 10:46:02 ]
RE: [HighlandConnie] Hi I am Lauren I want to know how high a regular plane can go???
A regular plane flies about 35000 feet high. But, some special planes like the SR-71 or U2 spy planes fly as high as 80000 feet.

[ Laura - 160 - 10:46:10 ]
What is a wind tunnel?

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 161 - 10:46:26 ]
Will you be doing a follow up to this chat, with all the information posted?

[ Rainy/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf - 162 - 10:46:29 ]
Why do they have different kinds of court surfaces?

[ Jay/USTennisAssocNCalifornia - 163 - 10:46:35 ]
John: Are you looking at indoor tournaments as a more controlled condition?

[ H - 164 - 10:47:38 ]
Have you gotten together with Prof. Howard Brody (no not me even though we share a first name) who has worked on physics of tennis for some time? Might you share equipment in answering some of the spin questions in a controlled setting?

[ Vianka/PS102 - 165 - 10:47:46 ]
Hi my name is Vianka from P.S.102.

[ John/ProjectManager - 166 - 10:47:59 ]
RE: [Marci/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf] WHy do they have different kinds of court surfaces?
I ask that myself when I lose a match on clay! It stems from the history of the game--it was first played on croquet lawns, or grass. Clay courts came next. Then asphalt. So the game still lives on all these!

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 167 - 10:48:11 ]
Rabi, can you answer Laura's question on wind tunnels.

[ MARCI/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf - 168 - 10:48:24 ]
YES THERE IS SIGN LANGUAGE ON THE TEXT BOOK IT GREAT YOU SHOULD CHECK IT OUT!

[ Jay/USTennisAssocNCalifornia - 169 - 10:48:26 ]
Have any of the racquet or ball manufacturers expressed an interest in this technology?

[ Nasif/CoInvestigator - 170 - 10:48:40 ]
Hi Vianka!

[ Les/CAIeast - 171 - 10:48:41 ]
Hi Rainy. Is the Laura from St Joe's too?

[ Blake/PS102 - 172 - 10:48:47 ]
...to be a tennis player

[ HighlandConnie - 173 - 10:48:53 ]
We knew that the Wright Brothers were dead we wanted to know where they died and how old they were.

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 174 - 10:49:03 ]
Nasif can you answer tigers question #142

[ Ames - 175 - 10:49:45 ]
RE: [Laura] What is a wind tunnel?
A wind tunnel can be thought of as a rectangular duct (of any size) where a fan is used to generate an air flow. In one part of the wind tunnel, the test section the model of an airplane, or as in this case, a tennis ball is placed and tested. The fact that the wind is flowing past the mdeol is equivalent to the mdeol flying through the air.

[ Les/CAIeast - 176 - 10:50:02 ]
Hi Vianka. Do you think Dr Scarpaci will see this chat?

[ John/ProjectManager - 177 - 10:50:14 ]
RE: [Fame/TennisPlayer] Will you be interested in providing the USTA and other organizations input regarding speeding up or making the pro game different in any way from how it now is?
More we are trying to figure the characteristics and how the players hit the ball now. That may help other players play more like the top pros!

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 178 - 10:50:19 ]
RE: [Bo/GriffinCreekElem] Will there be any sign language for this project?
Yes, as a matter of fact we are doing signs for tennis, tennis ball, court, net, and several other tennis terms.

[ paul - 179 - 10:50:40 ]
what type(kind) of camera (video) equipment would you suggest to use for stroke studies. I work with some highly talented and nationaly high ranked juniors.

[ Les/CAIeast - 180 - 10:51:20 ]
Hi Blake. I think I missed you earlier.

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 181 - 10:51:23 ]
Are you looking at different health types? Such as vegetarians, etc.?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 182 - 10:51:54 ]
RE: [Blake/PS102] How many days of traning dose it take.
Hi Blake, could you clarify - days of training for what did you have in mind.

[ Cenaida - 183 - 10:52:04 ]
Are all tennis balls yellow?

[ John/ProjectManager - 184 - 10:52:15 ]
RE: [Fame/TennisPlayer] Will you be looking at the new longer racquets compared to the traditional length models?
Well, we filmed Michael Chang! But it's a matter of what rackets the players use--we are not doing comparative racket studies.

[ Rainy/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf - 185 - 10:52:34 ]
Les Yes LAura is from SSt.Joe's also.

[ Les/CAIeast - 186 - 10:53:17 ]
Hi Laura.

[ Cenaida/StJosephs - 187 - 10:53:25 ]
Are all tennis balls yellow?

[ John/ProjectManager - 188 - 10:54:07 ]
RE: [tiger] Why do rackets have different size heads? HEY PROS, has this Aerodynamic stuff helped your game (for example, can it help you be better at windy day play)? PROS!! do you recommend and particular kind of racket?
Hi Tiger--the larger heads make it much easier to find the sweetspot! Yes--we have found that learning that the ball loses half its speed on the serve REALLY helps the return. Look at the ball after the bounce and you can see it slower!

[ Marissa/PS102 - 189 - 10:54:08 ]
hi! my name is Marissa my friend is Vianka

[ Les/CAIeast - 190 - 10:54:28 ]
I'm old enough to have played with white tennis balls. And orange golf balls...

[ Fame/TennisPlayer - 191 - 10:54:35 ]
Before the time is up, I'd like to thank you for this great opportunity to be a part of this research. Even from here overlooking an active volcano and lake in Northern COSTA RICA. Thanks again, and I may try to drop by in Key Biscayne when I am competing next month in Florida.

[ Samuel/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf - 192 - 10:55:03 ]
Why does a tennis ball feel hot when it is hit with the racket?

[ HighlandConnie - 193 - 10:55:35 ]
What do you think about the dinosaurs dieing? & would you want them back? breanda

[ John/ProjectManager - 194 - 10:55:49 ]
RE: [Fame/TennisPlayer] Will you be doing a follow up to this chat, with all the information posted?
Yeah! Plus video conferences. Check out our home page for details.

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 195 - 10:55:56 ]
RE: [Fame/TennisPlayer] Will you be doing a follow up to this chat, with all the information posted?
We'll be posting a transcript of this chat on the Web pages. Our next activity is the Internet video conference on January 29th and one in Febuary as well. There will be a chat in March and in May.

[ Nasif/CoInvestigator - 196 - 10:56:05 ]
RE: [tiger] Why don't flat or "dead" tennis balls work as well as new ones? How MUCH air is in a new tennis ball?
TIger - I think that balls have different amounts of air inside them depending on where they are to be used. If you were going to play tennis in Denver, which is at a high altitude, you would buy tennis balls that have less air inside, because the air pressure outside is lower. The pressurized air inside makes the ball bouncier, so perhaps "dead" balls have lost some pressure.

[ Joel/StJosephs - 197 - 10:56:31 ]
Is California far away ?

[ JANET - 198 - 10:56:58 ]
Why should it make a difference what color balls someone has? Let them all play!

[ Les/CAIeast - 199 - 10:57:10 ]
Hi Marissa. The NASA room must be crowded!!

[ Les/CAIeast - 200 - 10:57:12 ]
Hi Marissa. The NASA room must be crowded!!

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 201 - 10:57:33 ]
Nasif can you answer Samual's question #192.

[ John/ProjectManager - 202 - 10:58:31 ]
RE: [H] Have you gotten together with Prof. Howard Brody (no not me even though we share a first name) who has worked on physics of tennis for some time? Might you share equipment in answering some of the spin questions in a controlled setting?
Yes--in fact he is helping us devise experiments and evaluate the results!

[ Rabi - 203 - 10:59:05 ]
RE: [JANET] Why should it make a difference what color balls someone has? Let them all play!
Part of the reason for the color changes are to do with visibility --- both for the players and the lineperson.

[ HighlandConnie - 204 - 10:59:22 ]
Hi, my name is Louise, Is the Spruce Goose still the largest plane ever built?

[ tiger - 205 - 10:59:24 ]
First Flight is back on with a new group of students. Highland Connie - The Brothers did not live here. They only flew here on the Outer Banks of NC. They lived and died in Dayton, OH.

[ John/ProjectManager - 206 - 10:59:25 ]
RE: [Jay/USTennisAssocNCalifornia] John: Are you looking at indoor tournaments as a more controlled condition?
Yeah--can you deliver Pete and Andre for us at the SFTC--we'll be ready to film!

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 207 - 10:59:45 ]
RE: [HighlandConnie] We knew that the Wright Brothers were dead we wanted to know where they died and how old they were.
Does someone at First Flight want to answer this question. Wilbur was I believe 42.

[ Dave - 208 - 10:59:52 ]
Brenda: About those dinosaurs - I don't think I'd care to have dinosaurs around today. There are a few different theories about why the died off which are in our K8AIT textbook

[ MarissaVianka/PS102 - 209 - 11:00:32 ]
Hi!! Marissa and Vianka are here. Were tring to write fast. It's nice to speek to you. And were having lot's of fun!!

[ Trisha/CoInvestigatorStJosephs - 210 - 11:00:42 ]
Hi Les and Jani and John! I am sitting here with some of Marci's students.

[ HighlandConnie - 211 - 11:00:46 ]
WHEN WAS THE FIRST GLIDER BUILT???

[ WRIGHTBROTHERS - 212 - 11:00:54 ]
Leave us alone.

[ John/ProjectManager - 213 - 11:01:17 ]
RE: [Jay/USTennisAssocNCalifornia] Have any of the racquet or ball manufacturers expressed an interest in this technology?
The ball manufacturers are interested in what we are doing filming the different bounces on the different surfaces. We aren't really doing comparitive racket studies at this point.

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 214 - 11:02:15 ]
RE: [Fame/TennisPlayer] Before the time is up, I'd like to thank you for this great opportunity to be a part of this research. Even from here overlooking an active volcano and lake in Northern COSTA RICA. Thanks again, and I may try to drop by in Key Biscayne when I am competing next month in Florida.
Thanks Fame for joining us.

[ Nasif/CoInvestigator - 215 - 11:02:15 ]
RE: [Samuel/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf] Why does a tennis ball feel hot when it is hit with the racket?
Samuel - When you hit a ball with a raquet, most of the energy that the racquet has goes into moving the ball, but some of it turns into heat. Whenever the ball bounces, some of the energy it has due to its motion turns into heat as well (that's why a ball never bounces back as high as it was dropped from).

[ Les/CAIeast - 216 - 11:02:28 ]
Hi Trish if I missed you earlier...

[ Jay/USTennisAssocNCalifornia - 217 - 11:02:49 ]
I was actually thinking about the Sybase Open. If I could deliver Pete and Andre at the SFTC, well...

[ HighlandConnie - 218 - 11:03:16 ]
IS THE WRIGHT BROTHERS PLANE STILL THE SMALLEST???

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 219 - 11:03:55 ]
RE: [Joel/StJosephs] Is California far away ?
Hi Joel. Well it's far away from New York!

[ Peter/PS102 - 220 - 11:04:08 ]
How many times does the tennis players jrink water a game.

[ Shishir - 221 - 11:04:08 ]
RE: [Jani/PrincipalInvestigator] Does someone at First Flight want to answer this question. Wilbur was I believe 42.
I don't know how old Orville Wright was whn he died, but I have a picture of him in front of me where he is 72. So he lived a much longer life than his brother.

[ John/ProjectManager - 222 - 11:04:17 ]
RE: [paul] what type(kind) of camera (video) equipment would you suggest to use for stroke studies. I work with some highly talented and nationaly high ranked juniors.
Paul-- That's a great question. A simple camcorder will work so long as it has a high speed shutter. You need at least 1/500. Then in slow motion you can really see. Some of the older cameras have still frame advance which is better yet. If you send me email at videoten@isp.net I can give you more specifics than I can here.

[ CenaidaStphs - 223 - 11:05:10 ]
Why is ball Moving

[ Rainy/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf - 224 - 11:05:11 ]
What does the weight of the ball have to do with the speed of it?

[ Les/CAIeast - 225 - 11:05:31 ]
Hi Joel.

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 226 - 11:06:01 ]
RE: [JANET] Why should it make a difference what color balls someone has? Let them all play!
There are actually regulations that state that the ball color can only be white or yellow for competition.

[ Les/CAIeast - 227 - 11:06:29 ]
Hi Cenaida. Hi Rainy.

[ tiger - 228 - 11:06:59 ]
Would a tennis ball fly faster if it had indentions like golf balls?

[ John/ProjectManager - 229 - 11:07:04 ]
RE: [Jay/USTennisAssocNCalifornia] I was actually thinking about the Sybase Open. If I could deliver Pete and Andre at the SFTC, well...
Yeah--problems with controlling the players and camera placements. We'd have to set up specific shots so we really knew where the racket head is and where the ball landed. It would be fascinating!!

[ Nasif/CoInvestigator - 230 - 11:07:31 ]
RE: [Rainy/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf] What does the weight of the ball have to do with the speed of it?
The heavier the ball, the harder it is to change its speed. So, it is harder for a player to make it move fast, but it also won't slow down as much as it travels through the air.

[ Rabi - 231 - 11:07:32 ]
RE: [Rainy/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf] What does the weight of the ball have to do with the speed of it?
The weight of the ball does not affect the aerodynamics, but the downward force (gravity plus weight) is increased so that for a given amount of initial energy from the racket, it wiii not go as far.

[ HighlandConnie - 232 - 11:07:34 ]
does a tennis ball go faster when it's wet or when it's dry ?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 233 - 11:07:41 ]
RE: [MarissaVianka/PS102] Hi!! Marissa and Vianka are here. Were tring to write fast. It's nice to speek to you. And were having lot's of fun!!
Hi Marissa and Vianka! and Trisha too!

[ Dave - 234 - 11:08:26 ]
Shishir, can you take question 218?

[ MarissaVianka/PS102 - 235 - 11:08:47 ]
Were at school now. Todays a fun day!!!!!!!!!!!! Were tring to read all the massages!!!!!!!!!!!! We love talking to you and I hope you like it too!!!!!!! Write to us please!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[ John/ProjectManager - 236 - 11:08:50 ]
RE: [Peter/PS102] How many times does the tennis players jrink water a game.
About 3 ounces on every change over--you shouldn't lose water weight during a match. So drink even if you're not thirsty...

[ Joel/StJosephs - 237 - 11:09:21 ]
Who invented tennis ?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 238 - 11:09:24 ]
RE: [Rainy/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf] What does the weight of the ball have to do with the speed of it?
Rabi can you answer this question.

[ Rabi - 239 - 11:10:00 ]
RE: [tiger] Would a tennis ball fly faster if it had indentions like golf balls?
This is an excellent question --- a tennis ball with dimples will not slow down as much as a regular ball --- the dimples make the flow over the ball turbulent which results in less drag.

[ John/ProjectManager - 240 - 11:10:34 ]
RE: [MarissaVianka/PS102] Were at school now. Todays a fun day!!!!!!!!!!!! Were tring to read all the massages!!!!!!!!!!!! We love talking to you and I hope you like it too!!!!!!! Write to us please!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Great! What sports do you two girls like to play?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 241 - 11:10:38 ]
RE: [tiger] Would a tennis ball fly faster if it had indentions like golf balls?
Rabi could you also answer tigers question.

[ Marci/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf - 242 - 11:10:59 ]
Do you think we can get a tennis pro to come and join us next time?

[ Shishir - 243 - 11:11:03 ]
RE: [HighlandConnie] does a tennis ball go faster when it's wet or when it's dry ?
It is faster when dry

[ Les/CAIeast - 244 - 11:11:15 ]
Could one view the fuzz as miniscule indentations?

[ tiger - 245 - 11:11:19 ]
What is the string of the racket made of since cats no longer donate gut?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 246 - 11:11:40 ]
RE: [HighlandConnie] does a tennis ball go faster when it's wet or when it's dry ?
Nasif, could you answer this question.

[ Rabi - 247 - 11:11:54 ]
RE: [HighlandConnie] does a tennis ball go faster when it's wet or when it's dry ?
A wet ball is heavier -- see the answer to the weight of the ball.

[ John/PS102 - 248 - 11:12:08 ]
Hi Les, hi Jani, Hi Trish Trying to teach and chat at the same time. Peter, Blake, Vianka, and Marissa are taking up the slack for me.

[ Cenaida/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf - 249 - 11:12:25 ]
How much does a tennis ball weigh?

[ Nasif/CoInvestigator - 250 - 11:12:47 ]
RE: [HighlandConnie] does a tennis ball go faster when it's wet or when it's dry ?
When it's wet it will be heavier, so it will be harder for a player to get it going fast. Air drag will have less of an effect on its speed, though, so it shouldn't slow down as much. I don't know how wet fuzz will change the aerodynamics, though. Any one have any ideas?

[ John/ProjectManager - 251 - 11:12:59 ]
RE: [Joel/StJosephs] Who invented tennis ?
Some people say they played something similar in ancient Egypt! But the modern game goes back to England in the late 1800's. It was first played on grass. Before that, there was an indoor game similar to squash played indoors by royalty throughout Europe in the 1500's.

[ Rabi - 252 - 11:13:37 ]
RE: [Les/CAIeast] Could one view the fuzz as miniscule indentations?
You could -- the real question is how the flow very near to the surface (the boundary layer) is affected by the roughness -- the only way to determine this is through experiments.

[ Les/CAIeast - 253 - 11:14:10 ]
Hi John. Your kids seem to be having a ball!

[ John/ProjectManager - 254 - 11:14:11 ]
RE: [Marci/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf] Do you think we can get a tennis pro to come and join us next time?
Maybe I can stop in next year when I go to the US Open!

[ Shishir - 255 - 11:14:20 ]
RE: [HighlandConnie] WHEN WAS THE FIRST GLIDER BUILT???
Gliders have been concieved since the very early days. For example, there are stories of gliders and airplanes in old mythologies, but the first successful glider that accomodated a man is attributed to Otto Lilienthal. He made over 2000 flights in the mid to late 1800s with his glider.

[ Vianka/PS102 - 256 - 11:14:44 ]
P.S.102 is one of the most coolest school in the world!!! My favorite sport is gymnastic.

[ Rabi - 257 - 11:15:17 ]
RE: [Nasif/CoInvestigator] When it's wet it will be heavier, so it will be harder for a player to get it going fast. Air drag will have less of an effect on its speed, though, so it shouldn't slow down as much. I don't know how wet fuzz will change the aerodynamics, though. Any one have any ideas?
Mu gut feeling is that wet fuzz would be smoother and so the critical reynolds Number would be higher.

[ John/ProjectManager - 258 - 11:15:20 ]
RE: [Cenaida/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf] How much does a tennis ball weigh?
A little over 2 ounces.

[ HighlandConnie - 259 - 11:16:14 ]
HOW MANY TIMES CAN YOU FOLD A PIECE OF PAPER AND DOES IT MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE IF THE PAPER IS LARGE OR SMALL? JANIS

[ MArci/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf - 260 - 11:16:39 ]
We think that St.Joseph's is the coolest. If anyone wants to visit please come!

[ tiger - 261 - 11:16:39 ]
Zane is here at First Flight. He wants to ask a lot of questions. However, his teacher is sensoring him Now Zane has had one minute of his 15 minutes of fame. WHO ARE THE BEST MALE/FEMALE PLAYERS OF THIS GAME IN WORLD TODAY?

[ John/ProjectManager - 262 - 11:16:48 ]
RE: [Rabi] Mu gut feeling is that wet fuzz would be smoother and so the critical reynolds Number would be higher.
Well, I played in the rain as a kid--it throws off water when you hit it--and that's fun.

[ Rabi - 263 - 11:17:21 ]
On the history of tennis, i know that it dates way back to the time of Henry VIII --- it was called real tennis and it was played indoors (a bit like racketball) -- there is court at Lords cricket ground in London. If any of you have seen photos of Henry VIII, you will not belive that he exercised at all!!!

[ BlAke/PS102 - 264 - 11:17:31 ]
[Sintest]- What is the sqwar root of 1,000

[ Nasif/CoInvestigator - 265 - 11:18:01 ]
RE: [HighlandConnie] HOW MANY TIMES CAN YOU FOLD A PIECE OF PAPER AND DOES IT MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE IF THE PAPER IS LARGE OR SMALL? JANIS
I have heard that the maximum number of folds you can make on any sheet of paper, regardless of size, is 8. I have only tried this with sheets up to the size of newspaper, and it seems to be true.

[ John/ProjectManager - 266 - 11:18:18 ]
RE: [tiger] What is the string of the racket made of since cats no longer donate gut?
Beef gut--but for most players synthetic gut amde of Nylon and high tech fibers.

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 267 - 11:18:21 ]
RE: [HighlandConnie] HOW MANY TIMES CAN YOU FOLD A PIECE OF PAPER AND DOES IT MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE IF THE PAPER IS LARGE OR SMALL? JANIS
Would someone like to answer Janis question?

[ jazmine/stjosephschoolforthedeaf - 268 - 11:18:48 ]
who invented the racket?

[ Marci/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf - 269 - 11:18:59 ]
Does the tightness of the racket have anything to do with the speed of the ball?

[ Blake/PS102 - 270 - 11:19:27 ]
School's almost over and we have to go. Thanks for talking with us

[ John/ProjectManager - 271 - 11:19:40 ]
RE: [tiger] Zane is here at First Flight. He wants to ask a lot of questions. However, his teacher is sensoring him Now Zane has had one minute of his 15 minutes of fame. WHO ARE THE BEST MALE/FEMALE PLAYERS OF THIS GAME IN WORLD TODAY?
Zane, The answers are Pete Sampras and Martina Hingis.

[ Peter/PS102 - 272 - 11:19:49 ]
See ya! Thanks

[ Vianka/PS102 - 273 - 11:19:59 ]
If you would be in Mr.Volpe's 4'th grade class you would laugh you head off!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[ Shishir - 274 - 11:20:37 ]
RE: [BlAke/PS102] [Sintest]- What is the sqwar root of 1,000
Hi Blake, square root of 1000 = 31.622777

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 275 - 11:20:42 ]
RE: [Blake/PS102] School's almost over and we have to go. Thanks for talking with us
Thanks PS 102!!!!!!

[ John/ProjectManager - 276 - 11:21:30 ]
RE: [Vianka/PS102] P.S.102 is one of the most coolest school in the world!!! My favorite sport is gymnastic.
How old are you guys? What's your event in gymnastics?

[ Vianka/PS102 - 277 - 11:21:52 ]
Well school is almost over I have to go,bye.Sorry.

[ HighlandConnie - 278 - 11:22:11 ]
LOUISE DOES A GOLF BALL GO FASTER WHEN IT'S WET OR DRY AND WHY?

[ tiger - 279 - 11:22:20 ]
JANI - a quick note here. What kind of chocolate was that you brought when you visited First Flight. It was the BEST I;ve ever had. Anthony wants to know if a racket has ever been made of platinum?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 280 - 11:22:21 ]
We have a few minutes left, so we'll take just a couple more questions.

[ John/ProjectManager - 281 - 11:22:48 ]
RE: [jazmine/stjosephschoolforthedeaf] who invented the racket?
That's lost in the history of the game, but it probably goes back ot the 1500s.

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 282 - 11:23:25 ]
RE: [tiger] JANI - a quick note here. What kind of chocolate was that you brought when you visited First Flight. It was the BEST I;ve ever had. Anthony wants to know if a racket has ever been made of platinum?
I was See's chocolate. And I'll bring more when I visit again.

[ Marci/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf - 283 - 11:23:33 ]
Can you answer my question about the tightness of the racket and speed?

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 284 - 11:24:14 ]
RE: [tiger] JANI - a quick note here. What kind of chocolate was that you brought when you visited First Flight. It was the BEST I;ve ever had. Anthony wants to know if a racket has ever been made of platinum?
Not that we know of Anthony.

[ Rabi - 285 - 11:24:32 ]
RE: [HighlandConnie] LOUISE DOES A GOLF BALL GO FASTER WHEN IT'S WET OR DRY AND WHY?
Wetness on a golf ball does not have much effect since the surface does not absorb water. If the water droplets are retained on the ball (not likely) then they could affect the aerodynamics (probably in a negative way).

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 286 - 11:24:40 ]
RE: [HighlandConnie] LOUISE DOES A GOLF BALL GO FASTER WHEN IT'S WET OR DRY AND WHY?
Rabi, could you answer this question?

[ John/ProjectManager - 287 - 11:24:58 ]
RE: [Marci/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf] Does the tightness of the racket have anything to do with the speed of the ball?
Good question! If the strings are a bit looser, the ball goes faster. Think of it as a trampoline. If the trampoline is too loose or too tight, you can't get up in the air. Fro everyone there's a string tension that maximizes his or her speed of shot.

[ tiger - 288 - 11:25:24 ]
Zane saysm, " if you're in Mrs. Wise's class, and you don't do your homework, your head would REALLY come off!!

[ HighlandConnie - 289 - 11:25:38 ]
HOW MANY AIRPLANES HAVE BEEN BUILT ?

[ John/ProjectManager - 290 - 11:25:39 ]
RE: [Marci/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf] Can you answer my question about the tightness of the racket and speed?
Just did!

[ Joel/StJosephs - 291 - 11:26:00 ]
Jani, Can you play tennis outside today? In other words what's the weather like in California today?

[ Marci/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf - 292 - 11:26:34 ]
John- Sorry It took a long time I thought I was a forgotten

[ John/ProjectManager - 293 - 11:27:31 ]
RE: [Joel/StJosephs] Jani, Can you play tennis outside today? In other words what's the weather like in California today?
Not today--it's raining--but I'm gonna play indoors this afternoon at the San Francisco Tennis Club!

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 294 - 11:27:42 ]
Shishir, someone from a school in Penn. asked us Have astronauts ever played tennis outside the space shuttle. Can you answer this and problems with playing tennis in space.

[ tiger - 295 - 11:28:38 ]
Before time is gone, we'd like to say "Happy Flying from the home of the Seahawks!" Two wrongs don't make a right, but, two Wrights did make an airplane.

[ jazmine/stjosephschoolforthedeaf - 296 - 11:29:03 ]
Who was the first person male or/and female play tennis ?

[ Les/CAIeast - 297 - 11:29:06 ]
Jani, John, This was really neat. And I'm glad that the east coast schools got to play...Later...Les

[ John/ProjectManager - 298 - 11:29:29 ]
RE: [tiger] Before time is gone, we'd like to say "Happy Flying from the home of the Seahawks!" Two wrongs don't make a right, but, two Wrights did make an airplane.
Go Seahawks.

[ Joel/StJosephs - 299 - 11:29:33 ]
Bye for now from the Bronx--St. Joseph's School for the Deaf

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 300 - 11:29:45 ]
RE: [tiger] Before time is gone, we'd like to say "Happy Flying from the home of the Seahawks!" Two wrongs don't make a right, but, two Wrights did make an airplane.
Thank you - First Flight Middle School.

[ John/ProjectManager - 301 - 11:29:53 ]
Bye Joel

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 302 - 11:30:08 ]
RE: [Joel/StJosephs] Bye for now from the Bronx--St. Joseph's School for the Deaf
Thank you St. Joseph's.

[ Marci/StJosephsSchoolfortheDeaf - 303 - 11:31:00 ]
We have to go now Thanks for all the info I really enjoyed I am going to get the transcript and read it more carefully

[ John/ProjectManager - 304 - 11:31:01 ]
Bye guys--thanks for all the questions

[ Jani/PrincipalInvestigator - 305 - 11:31:30 ]
Thanks for participating and thanks to our experts: John, Nasif, Rabi and Shishir. Don't forget to visit our web pages at: http://wings.ucdavis.edu/Tennis

[ jazmine/stjosephschoolforthedeaf - 306 - 11:31:46 ]
bye bye

[ Les/CAIeast - 307 - 11:32:29 ]
Jani, Will the moderator tell us when the chat is closed?

[ Rabi - 308 - 11:33:00 ]
Jani, i assume we are done -- it was fun --- it is always refreshing to see how young minds work.

[ Nasif/CoInvestigator - 309 - 11:33:16 ]
So Long!

[ Dave - 310 - 11:33:58 ]
Bye folks.

[ HighlandConnie - 311 - 11:34:44 ]
HOW FAST DOES THE AVERAGE PLANE GO?

[ Les/CAIeast - 312 - 11:34:48 ]
TTFN

[ Shishir - 313 - 11:37:59 ]
RE: [Jani/PrincipalInvestigator] Shishir, someone from a school in Penn. asked us Have astronauts ever played tennis outside the space shuttle. Can you answer this and problems with playing tennis in space.
I don't think it has ever been tried in space. There is no ground or gravity in outer space, so if you hit the ball, and I miss it, good bye ball for ever since the ball will not slow down. Gravity isn't holding you so the ball exerts a force on you just as you hit the ball and so you start floating away from the ball and your opponent. I think we will have to design special space games for playing outside the space shuttle. Any ideas?

[ Shishir - 314 - 11:39:22 ]
Bye everyone.

[ Les/CAIeast - 315 - 11:44:04 ]
HighlandConnie, I don't know how many experts are still in this Chat Room. And I'm no expert on plane speeds. But there must be some minimum speed or else the plane would fall. And there probably is no maximum (in principle). But the people on the ground get angry when a shock wave hits them if the plane breaks the sound barrier. Your question is very difficult to answer because every type of plane has different normal speeds...Sorry...