Webchat Transcript messages 258-458
Galileo: #258 - 458
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Yvonne Pendleton Astrophysicist : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:05PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [258 ]
I am organizing a scientific symposium designed to look at the connections
between the organic material that we see in stardust and that which we see
in primitive planetesimals. See the web site at
www-space.arc.nasa.gov/~stardust
Zuma's Electronic C@fe - NASA Seminar : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:05PM PDT
(-0700 GMT). . . [259 ]
Will there be another Jupiter probe launched in the next 30 years?
: . . . . bout seven or eight hours after entry and it is now part of the
atmosphere it was sent to explore (thanks for the memorable quote, Rich!
:-). . . [260 ]
Dennis, space fan : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:05PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [260 ]
So what happens to the probe now? Can this probe make it out of the solar
system, and if so, how far will it go before we finally lose contact?
SciWri : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:05PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [261 ]
Is it too cold in space to deploy the sort of inflatable antenna that JPL
will release from the space shuttle Monday? I'm thinking, in particular,
whether this technology could be used at Jupiter...Gary Robbins, OC Register
Marcie Smith, Probe Manager : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:06PM PDT (-0700 GMT).
. . [262 ]
Explorer, We will make a pointer to the file with the chat session available
from the Probe home page.
Chris, moderator : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:06PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [263 ]
Explorer-I can't say for sure but I think we would be able to post a
transcript of this chat session.
pete (mech eng grad student) : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:06PM PDT (-0700 GMT).
. . [264 ]
thanks Marcie; so after Cassini to Saturn (and maybe the Pluto Flyby), when
do we go back to the outer planets? Or are NASA's priorities closer to home?
Broadclyst,UK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:06PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [265 ]
Will you send men to Jupiter one day? (for Sebastian Cotton, age 8)
Yvonne Pendleton Astrophysicist : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:06PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [266 ]
Hi Jane, I work for NASA Ames Research Center. I have been here for almost
17 years- it is a terrific place to work.
Charlie Sobeck, Probe Engineering : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:07PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [267 ]
Zuma, 30 years is beyond my time horizon, but I would certainly like to
think so!
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:07PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [268 ]
Thanks, Marcie ! This is probably the fastest scientist/public interface in
plantary science history ! Good to be able to ask questions.
Marcie Smith, Probe Manager : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:07PM PDT (-0700 GMT).
. . [269 ]
SciWri, none of us here know about the antenna being released from the
shuttle Monday, sorry.
Oliver : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:07PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [270 ]
The winds, cont'd : after entry and braking, I guess the probe was basically
drifting in the atmosphere as it went down. Could the winds at this stage be
hazardous for orientation, communication ... or was it not a concern ?
Rich Young, Galileo Probe Project Scientist : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:07PM
PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [271 ]
Chris: Good question. We would have discoverd the composition of the
atmosphere, temperature stucture, and how opaque the atmosphere was to
radiation. Finding a lot of pure oxygen would have been a big clue that life
existed.
Billy Biggs, student : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:08PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . .
[272 ]
What types of clouds exist in Jupiter's atmosphere?
Jeff Cuzzi, NASA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:09PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [273 ]
Explorer - thanks! It's certainly stimulating. Some of the expectations
regarding lots of water, etc, were sort of iffy (speculative, or based on
preliminary interpretation of comet Shoemaker-Levy results. The overall
relative abundance being so low compared to that in the sun could mean the
water is somehow more concentrated towards the center of the planet, where
the other heavy elements such as silicates, and so on, are found. Recall
that Jupiter has a "core" in some loose sense that is 17 or so Earth masses
and a lot of that could be good old H2O. So what we may need to understand
better is the mixing of water in the gaseous envelope. Another possibility
is that the region where Jupiter formed was hotter than our simple
expectations - so there was less water condensed there when it got put
together and grabbed all the gas. Lots of things to consider!
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:09PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [274 ]
That's because the antenna is a JPL experiment...an even better place than
Ames IMHO..
Charlie Sobeck, Probe Engineering : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:09PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [275 ]
Sebastion, I don't think we will be sending men to Jupiter, at least, not in
my lifetime. There really isn't a good reason to try something that
dangerous!
Jane Rigby, entering freshman (astrophysics) at Penn State : . . . . Wed,
May 15, 5:09PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [276 ]
Yvonne: I am envious -- you're doing what I really want to do (after 10
years of school, first!)
Broadclyst,UK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:09PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [277 ]
Are there any living objects on Jupiter? (for Sara Ginn, aged 9)
Marcie Smith, Probe Manager : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:10PM PDT (-0700 GMT).
. . [278 ]
Pete, you asked about future missions to the outer planets. Other than
Cassini, the other missions that are currently manifest are for the inner
planets - 2 to Mars this year. With the faster/better/cheaper programs at
NASA now, though, there may be lots of proposals and studies out there for
future missions that I don't know about.
Dennis Ting, programmer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:10PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . .
[279 ]
Rich: I was only wondering because I am an engineer myself. I'd like to know
how people can get into future missions.
Rich Young, Galileo Probe Project Scientist : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:10PM
PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [280 ]
Diana: The hydrogen/helium ratio is so important because it tell us how
Jupiter has evolved since it first formed. We used to think Jupiter and
Saturn were very similar, which they are in many ways. But the helium/
hydrogen ratio differnce between them clearly shows that they are
significantly different.
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:11PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [281 ]
Jane, this is a great field, but keep in mind that funds for it are
shrinking and there will be alot less jobs in it in the future.
Jane Rigby, entering freshman (astrophysics) at Penn State : . . . . Wed,
May 15, 5:11PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [282 ]
Jeff Cuzzi: If there's water at the core of Jupiter, what physical form
would it take? A superheated liquid that can't boil because of the pressure?
Yvonne Pendleton Astrophysicist : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:12PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [283 ]
Jane, I felt the same way for many years. The good news is that if someone
had told me then how much I'd enjoy what I am doing now, I would have had no
doubts at all about sticking it out!
spider : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:12PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [284 ]
anyone, would scientist like to revisit jupitor or go other outer planets?
Zuma's Electronic C@fe - NASA Seminar : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:12PM PDT
(-0700 GMT). . . [285 ]
Who came up with the idea to put citizens' signatures on CD-ROM onboard
Cassini? Good idea for stimulating interest in the project!
Marcie Smith, Probe Manager : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:12PM PDT (-0700 GMT).
. . [286 ]
Oliver, We were a bit concerned about turbulence and gusts causing the Probe
to "swing" which might affect the communications link. In fact we think the
Probe was swinging a bit, we see a variation in the received radio signal
amplitude which we attribute to swing and spin.
Billy Biggs, student : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:12PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . .
[287 ]
Rich: Is the He/H ratio an indication of the relative age of the two planets
(Jup-Sat), or differences in how they formed? Also, what could these
differences be?
Bob_K : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:12PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [288 ]
I read somewhere that water has no phase change at pressures over 630 bars.
This could make for some rather interesting chemistry in the unreachable
interior.
Charlie Sobeck, Probe Engineering : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:13PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [289 ]
Spider, scientist want to go everywhere, all the time! Wish we had the time
and money to accommodate.
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:13PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [290 ]
So you have to factor in the frustration quotient when considering whether
to be an astronomer or planetary scientist (spending lots of time writing
proposals to keep yourself employed !).
Dan Carlock, Probe Systems Engr. : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:13PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [291 ]
Oliver, the only time that wind was a concern during Probe descent was in
the context of passage through shear layers. This is because the sudden
change in speed would have caused the Probe to tip into the wind (like a
weathervane), and since the radio waves radiated from the Probe's
cross-dipole antenna decrease in strength at angles significantly beyond the
vertical, the commlink strength would have been degraded. Fortunately, this
was taken into consideration during dev't by way of detailed computer
simulations. In the absence of gusts, the Probe would have descended
vertically aligned.
Broadclyst,UK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:13PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [292 ]
How did Jupiter get there? How did all the planets get there? (for Sharon
Hooper, 8)
Rich Young, Galileo Probe Project Scientist : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:13PM
PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [293 ]
Billy: We expect that there are three layers of clouds. The top one is
ammonia ice crystals, next comes a layer of ammonium hydrosulfide ice, then
below that water ice clouds. Galileo detected only two clouds, ammonia and
probably ammonium hydrosulfide, but the last one might be water because
there isn't much water.
Jeff Cuzzi, NASA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:13PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [294 ]
Sara Glynn/Broadclyst: No, certainly not to our knowledge. There is no
surface for it to live on, no oxygen for it to breathe. Of course, we might
not understand all the ways life can exist in the universe. The Viking
lander looked for Life on mars, where there is a solid surface, some oxygen,
and some water even - but found nothing at all. Perhaps in the distant past
Mars had life, when it was warmer. Some future missions might look for
fossil evidence. Some other people are also interested in life in the liquid
oceans underneath the frozen surface of Jupiter's big moon Europa!
Monika Kress, astrophysics PhD student : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:14PM PDT
(-0700 GMT). . . [295 ]
Jane: don't forget that those last 3-5 years of your 10-year career as a
student will involve doing LOTS of research! I am almost done with my phd
and the last few years have been all research and NO classes! One more year
to go....
Justin - A 15 year old space fanatic : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:14PM PDT
(-0700 GMT). . . [296 ]
I'd just like to say good job to the ppl that worked on galileo. I support
NASA it's my hope to one day work there.
Dennis, space fan : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:15PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [297 ]
Charlie: Sorry, charlie, I meant the spacecraft. By keeping the spacecraft
on staion in orbit, What else are you hoping to learn about Jupiter?
Would'nt the craft be more useful if it could be re-directed to another part
of the system?
Diana H : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:15PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [298 ]
In another article I read that the 'virtual abscense' of lightning makes the
probability of finding complex organic molecules very low. What kind of
molecules were we (i mean you :) looking for? Also, if there is lots of
hydrogen and some oxygen, why isn't there water?
Oliver : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:15PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [299 ]
Since someone mentioned manned exploration, what about this harsh radiation
environment ? Did the probe contributed to something new there ? Another
question would be where the radiation level would be acceptable for humans
(Io, Europa, Ganymede,Callisto , further ... ?) ?
rjjensn : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:15PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [300 ]
I am from Iowa City, Ia The home of James Van Allen, He was opposed to
launching Galileo on the shuttle, Why wasn't he listened to?
? : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:15PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [301 ]
test?
Dennis, space fan : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:15PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [302 ]
Charlie: Sorry, charlie, I meant the spacecraft. By keeping the spacecraft
on staion in orbit, What else are you hoping to learn about Jupiter?
Would'nt the craft be more useful if it could be re-directed to another part
of the system?
Rich Young, Galileo Probe Project Scientist : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:15PM
PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [303 ]
Sharon: We think all the planets formed form a big gas and dust cloud. We
can see that happening in other parts of the galaxy with telescopes. This
all happened in our solar system about 5 billion years ago.
Jane Rigby, entering freshman (astrophysics) at Penn State : . . . . Wed,
May 15, 5:15PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [304 ]
Yvonne and Explorer: Thank you for the advice! Explorer: exactly what do you
do job-wise?
Jeff Cuzzi, NASA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:16PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [305 ]
Jane Rigby (292) - the temperature is thousands of degrees, and the pressure
is nearly a million times that at the surface of the earth. It would be a
sort of super heated high density medium - hardly a "gas" and more like a
"solid" - but still able to flow (slowly). There is probably no place in the
atmosphere, as you go "down", where you would find a "solid surface" - it
just gets denser and hotter.
KK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:16PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [306 ]
Ah. Hello!
Justin - A 15 year old space fanatic : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:16PM PDT
(-0700 GMT). . . [307 ]
Are there plans for a more in depth look at io?? To possibly investigate the
existance of life there?
spider : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:17PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [308 ]
Jeff C. Big fan of yours as well! was any thought given to sending a probe
in saturn rather than titan?
Charlie Sobeck, Probe Engineering : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:18PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [309 ]
Dennis, the purpose of the mission was to study the Jupiter system over a
long period of time, rather than to just get a snapshot. We have already
sent four other spacecraft screaming past the planet. What we want now is an
extended look. Similarly, the Cassini spacecraft will take up residence
around Saturn. Further, it takes a lot of energy to escape Jupiter's gravity
now that we're caught. We don't have that much feul.
Marcie Smith, Probe Manager : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:18PM PDT (-0700 GMT).
. . [310 ]
Oliver, I don't know the radiation numbers at Jupiter, much less how they
correspond to levels acceptable to humans. Sorry.
Rich Young, Galileo Probe Project Scientist : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:19PM
PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [311 ]
Diana: We were looking for molecules that we might find on Earth that
contained carbon.And not necessarily just on Earth. But we found very few
such molecules. The lack of water indicates a lack of oxygen.
Dennis, space fan : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:19PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [312 ]
Charlie: Sorry, charlie, I meant the spacecraft. By keeping the spacecraft
on staion in orbit, What else are you hoping to learn about Jupiter?
Would'nt the craft be more useful if it could be re-directed to another part
of the system?
: . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:19PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [313 ]
JPL folks any answer to my question, and James Van Allen's belief that the
shuttle was a mistake as a launch vehicle for Galileo?
Dan Carlock, Probe Systems Engr. : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:20PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [314 ]
Jeff C.: yes there have been considerations of sending a probe into Saturn.
As a matter of fact, at one time, Hughes wanted to sell NASA an "inventory"
of half a dozen outer planet probes based on the Galileo design.
Jeff Cuzzi, NASA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:20PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [315 ]
Spider - yes, there was a lot of thought about it. We planned a mission
called "SOP-squared" where the "P-squared" was a probe to Saturn and one to
Titan. But with the need to cut cost, mass, and all, we had to descope to
only one. The prejudice was that Saturn's atmosphere was pretty much like
Jupiter's and that the big surprises would be in Titan's atmosphere - lots
of organics, proto-life molecules, etc. This remains true, although we would
dearly love to send a probe to Saturn. Maybe some day, now that Jupiter
looks so surprising..
Dennis Ting, programmer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:20PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . .
[316 ]
Charlie: What sorts of projects have you worked on for this particular
mission
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:20PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [317 ]
Jane, I study the planets, too. I'm a theorist. But 10 years ago, when I got
in this field , there was more money and it was easier to stay in this
field. Now its tougher. My advice to you is: get the best education you can,
but then STAY FLEXIBLE. Don't pigeonhole yourself as someone who only
studied one obscure thing. Be willing to work in different areas of science
(physics, chem, astronomy, computing), and that will help y ou have a good
long career. I've seen people specialize themselves right to the
unemployment line !
Marcie Smith, Probe Manager : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:20PM PDT (-0700 GMT).
. . [318 ]
Justin, we will still get very good pictures of Io, of the same order of
resolution that Voyager got. And there is some discussion of going back for
a close fly-by of Io after the nominal mission when we might be willing to
risk the large radiation dose. But nothing has been decided at all on that
yet.
Justin - A 15 year old space fanatic : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:21PM PDT
(-0700 GMT). . . [319 ]
Marcie, thanks.
Diana H : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:21PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [320 ]
Are the information from this chat session going to be saved and maybe
reproduced on the web? *crossed fingers*
Jeff Cuzzi, NASA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:21PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [321 ]
Dan - I actually worked on those plans. We worked with Hughes on a spiining
probe carrier. We called them "Pioneer-class outer planet missions". The
idea of the Magellan radar mapper also came out of an Ames-Hughes study of a
spinning radar. The Magellan one, with synthesis mapping, was much better of
course.
Broadclyst,UK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:22PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [322 ]
How did Jupiter crush the probe? Did it have any effect on Jupiter? (for
Dennys and Varley, age 8)
Chris, moderator : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:23PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [323 ]
Diana-Hopefully we will be posting a transcript of this chat session.
Jeff Cuzzi, NASA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:23PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [324 ]
Diana and others - yes, this information will all be saved and you'll be
able to find it from a pointer on the Galileo home page.
Charlie Sobeck, Probe Engineering : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:23PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [325 ]
Dennis, for the Galileo mission, I beagn striaght out of school writing
ground processing software specifications (defining how to decode the
bitstream). I then went the Hughes, the probe developer, to represent the
scientists during the integration and test of the probe (analyzing test
data). Form there I moved on to mission planning, and command sequence
generation. And so on, and so on...
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:23PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [326 ]
Broadclyst, Jupiter probably found the probe to be quite tasty !
Diana H : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:23PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [327 ]
Oh one silly question, since there was a job discussion...Why is it that
Nasa only hires USA citizens? I was very disapointed when I heard that :(
Justin - A 15 year old space fanatic : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:24PM PDT
(-0700 GMT). . . [328 ]
What is currently being studied, out there at jupiter?
Marcie Smith, Probe Manager : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:24PM PDT (-0700 GMT).
. . [329 ]
About Van Allen's opinion that the launch vehicle should not have been the
shuttle. I am not sure that I know exactly what you are referring to, but I
know that Van Allen has said that manned space flight takes up so much
resources ($) from the remote unmanned science that he feels its not worth
the cost for the science return. He was against the shuttle program in
general for that reason and hence as a launch vehicle. Galileo was launched
on the shuttle when NASA was launching everything on the shuttle. I
personally feel that although the science return from the manned program may
not be the same as remote exploration on a dollar for dollar basis, that
there are other returns from having people in space that cannot be
quantified and that justify the program.
Billy Biggs, student : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:24PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . .
[330 ]
Can more about the chemical makeup of the Jovian atmosphere be determinded
by the remaining Galileo spacecraft?
Rich Young, Galileo Probe Project Scientist : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:24PM
PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [331 ]
Dennys and Varley: The probe didn't get crushed because it was a "vented"
probe, which meant that the internal pressure was equal to the outside
pressure. What killed the probe was temperature. It evenutually vaporized
after about 10 hours.
: . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:24PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [332 ]
Why was Veega necessary, we have had launch vehicles capable of a direct
launch to Jupiter for decades, perhaps Venus's heat is responsible for the
main antenna failure.
Diana H : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:24PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [333 ]
Thanks Chris and Jeff!!
Jane Rigby, entering freshman (astrophysics) at Penn State : . . . . Wed,
May 15, 5:25PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [334 ]
Monika, Explorer -- thank you for the career advice. I'm really eager to
start learning astronomy this fall -- I didn't mean to sound like I resent
the amount of work it will take!
Justin - A 15 year old space fanatic : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:25PM PDT
(-0700 GMT). . . [335 ]
Dina: Perhaps for the same reason a non U.S. citizen can't run for
president.
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:25PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [336 ]
diana, it is paid for by taxes. Paid by US citizens.
KK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:25PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [337 ]
.
Jeff Cuzzi, NASA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:25PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [338 ]
Dennis Ting, programmer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:25PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . .
[339 ]
Charlie: How long have you been working on the project?
Broadclyst,UK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:25PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [340 ]
Would robot be able to walk/crawl on Jupiter (For Harcombe, 8)
Dan Carlock, Probe Systems Engr. : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:26PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [341 ]
Dennys and Varley: the Probe itself was a vented design, and hence, was not
crushed. However, some of the hermetically sealed electronics boxes and
instruments were "crushed", probably between 25 and 30 bars atmospheric
pressure. AS a point of reference, 30 bars is equivalent to 1000 feet below
the ocean's surface on earth. There was no effect upon Jupiter.
Charlie Sobeck, Probe Engineering : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:26PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [342 ]
Dennys/Varley, The probe was "crushed" because the pressure of the
atmosphere gets higher and higher the deeper you go. Like going deep
underwater. Eventually the pressure was too great and parts of the probe
were crushed. It was also very hot, and eventually the probe melted and even
evaporated!
Oliver : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:26PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [343 ]
Question for orbiter people : are the smaller thrusters going to do all the
maneuvering now, or is the 400N engine still needed ? How much maneuvering
capability is left in the spacecraft at this point ?
Yvonne Pendleton Astrophysicist : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:27PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [344 ]
Diana, there are non-U.S. citizens that work on contract for NASA. It is a
federal govt. rule, not a NASA one, that we can't hire non-U.S. citizens. I
have worked with a lot of foreigners on all sorts of interesting projects
here.
Tom Ford physics, teacher : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:27PM PDT (-0700 GMT). .
. [345 ]
Is there any plan to share mission results among high school classrooms on
CD or VHS video?
Rich Young, Galileo Probe Project Scientist : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:27PM
PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [346 ]
Justin: We are studying what Jupiter is made from, what the moons are made
from, what sort of winds there are on Jupiter, what is the magnetic field of
Jupiter and how does it control charged particles near Jupiter.
Dennis, space fan : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:27PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [347 ]
Charlie: Ah, I see. I did not relize we had that many ships out there! It
will be interesting to see what the planet will reveal in the years to come.
I want to thank you for your time, and I admire the work that you and the
whole team have done on this project. Bravo!
Jane Rigby, entering freshman (astrophysics) at Penn State : . . . . Wed,
May 15, 5:27PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [348 ]
When congress is attempting to slash governmental budgets, how should
scientific space missions be justified by supporters?
Charlie Sobeck, Probe Engineering : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:27PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [349 ]
Dennis, I've been working for NASA for about 17 years, not all of them on
Galileo, but most of them!
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:28PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [350 ]
Because it's there.
spider : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:28PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [351 ]
Monika, why does jupitor spin so rapidly?
Jeff Cuzzi, NASA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:28PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [352 ]
Billy Biggs - there are infrared and visual wavelength spectrometers that
will be measuring the chemistry and how it varies with location (all at and
above the cloud tops, of course). This will detect various hydrocarbons,
sulfur species, and so on.
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:28PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [353 ]
That is, we should study beautiful Jupiter because ...it's there...
Charlie Sobeck, Probe Engineering : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:29PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [354 ]
Oliver, we are done with the 400 N engine for good now.
Justin - A 15 year old space fanatic : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:29PM PDT
(-0700 GMT). . . [355 ]
Is it known yet wether or not, was it Io? it was one of the moons, is
generating it's own magnetic field? I assume investigations of this are on
going?
Oliver : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:29PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [356 ]
Explorer : you don't have to be a US citizen to pay US taxes. You just have
to live there legally !
Jeff Cuzzi, NASA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:29PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [357 ]
Everyone - on US citizens - it is my impression that all NASA requires is
that people be permanent residents (Ie, green card holders) - not
necessarily US citizens.
: . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:29PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [358 ]
Will there be any more attempt to open the high gain?
Diana H : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:29PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [359 ]
Hmm...never thought of that. I am a canadian citizen, I don't think getting
US citizenship would be that hard as long as i have a job in the US, so
would NASA still refuse my resume (not that i have any qualifications to
apply right now....just like to keep my options open) I am way out of topic,
aren't i?
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:29PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [360 ]
How deep in the atmosphere will the measurements go, Jeff ? Will we be able
to get altitude distributions of various species ?
KK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:29PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [361 ]
Question- How close is Jupiter to being of the 'Brown Dwarf' type? An
infared pic I saw, Jupiter looked like a very small, bright central object -
obscured by 1 or 2 bands of 'surface' level clouds. Any comments....?
Billy Biggs, student : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:30PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . .
[362 ]
Jeff: Can you elaborate on what specific chemical structures are present or
you would expect to find in the atmosphere?
Dennis, space fan : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:30PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [363 ]
Charlie: Ah, I see. I did not relize we had that many ships out there! It
will be interesting to see what the planet will reveal in the years to come.
I want to thank you for your time, and I admire the work that you and the
whole team have done on this project. Bravo!
KK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:30PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [364 ]
Shall wait :)
Broadclyst,UK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:31PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [365 ]
How many miles is it from Jupiter to Earth (for Louise Palmer, 9)
Marcie Smith, Probe Manager : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:31PM PDT (-0700 GMT).
. . [366 ]
To whoever asked about the trajectory (VEEGA). We designed the probe for
launch on the shuttle (which puts it into low earth orbit) and then to use a
liquid upper stage to get us out of low earth orbit enroute to jupiter.
After the Challenger accident, it was decided that liquid rockets were not
safe on the shuttle, and we couldn't switch launch vehicles because the
shuttle was the biggest out there size-wise, so we didn't fit into anything
else. So we had to use a solid rocket to get out of low earth orbit. The
solid rocket doesn't have as much energy, and it wouldn't change our
velocity enough to get to jupiter. So instead of speeding up to get to
jupiter, we slowed down and went to venus. The, the venus and earth fly-by's
gave us the increase in velocity relative to the sun to get to jupiter. I
have heard nothing that suggests that the temperature at venus prevented the
antenna from deploying.
Jeff Cuzzi, NASA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:31PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [367 ]
Justin - I'm not sure about the intrinsic magnetic field - Io does eject a
lot of molecular material that becomes ionized and interacts with Jupiter's
field in interesting ways - is this what you have in mind?
Yvonne Pendleton Astrophysicist : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:31PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [368 ]
Hi Tom, you asked about sharing these results with high schools. I hope
someone will put together something like an electronic picturebook
(available on CD ROM, floppy disks, or from the Space telescope web site
(www.stsci.edu). I just finished one on the Orion constellation, where you
can see the star forming region at many different wavelengths. Check out the
ExInEd area under Public in the Space Telescope web site.
Tom Chopp - space cadet : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:32PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . .
[369 ]
Charlie - Weren't you on the late show with Tom Snyder a while back and he
interviewed you about Galileo?
Monika Kress, astrophysics PhD student : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:32PM PDT
(-0700 GMT). . . [370 ]
Jane .. you have a really good outlook on your education in astronomy.. I
think you will do great, just have to hang in there through the tough
stuff... I know there are some folks at Penn state who do research in
astronomy so make sure you ask about getting involved in undergrad research.
don't be afraid to ask.. I started doing research as a sophomore -- there is
always something you can get involved in. just ask around!
Rich Young, Galileo Probe Project Scientist : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:32PM
PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [371 ]
Jane: We should justify them by the fact space missions are basically all
about how did the Earth and human beings come to be. We cannot understand
the Earth's formation unless we understand how the solar system and all the
planets formed. Nor can we understand how the Earth has evolved without
understanding other planets. We may be able to get important information on
how life originated on Earth by knowing the composotion of other objects in
the solar system. So with the space program we are trying to answer some
very grand questions.
Dennis, space fan : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:32PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [372 ]
Charlie: Ah, I see. I did not relize we had that many ships out there! It
will be interesting to see what the planet will reveal in the years to come.
I want to thank you for your time, and I admire the work that you and the
whole team have done on this project. Bravo!
Justin - A 15 year old space fanatic : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:32PM PDT
(-0700 GMT). . . [373 ]
Jeff - or others - It seems to me I remember reading that there is a 'hole'
in jupiters magnetic feild. I was wondering what the specfics of the
investigations of this are?
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:33PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [374 ]
Till when will the Webchat be going on, Ames people ?
Charlie Sobeck, Probe Engineering : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:33PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [375 ]
Lousie, Jupiter is about 500,000,000 miles from Earth!
: . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:33PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [376 ]
So Galileo ws designed to give a need for the shuttle. Sounds like a design
flaw to me Why was there a need to justify the shuttle?
Charlie Sobeck, Probe Engineering : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:34PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [377 ]
Tom, no... that was my evil twin! :-)
Monika Kress, astrophysics PhD student : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:34PM PDT
(-0700 GMT). . . [378 ]
spider - I believe the reason Jupiter spins so quickly is due to leftover
angular momentum (ie., tendancy to spin) from its formation. it collapsed
from material which was rotating slowly, so as it condensed, it spun faster.
but I think there is no real concensus on this issue just yet!
KK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:34PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [379 ]
Did anyone see 'me question ..? Just curious. :)
Diana H : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:35PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [380 ]
What is the force of gravity on Jupitor?
Marcie Smith, Probe Manager : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:35PM PDT (-0700 GMT).
. . [381 ]
I wouldn't say that Galileo was designed to give a need for the Shuttle. At
that time, NASA was using the shuttle as its only launch vehicle- everything
was launched on the shuttle. The plan was to have one launch vehicle and
then it would be cost efficient.
Dennis Ting, programmer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:35PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . .
[382 ]
Charlie: Is there a lot of projects in a given mission that invlove image
and sound processing? Also is there research being done now in those areas?
science on a give project/mission?
Jeff Cuzzi, NASA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:35PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [383 ]
Explorer - the deepest we can see is limited by cloud opacity, and the 5
micron hot spots are those places where the low cloud opacity allows us to
see the deepest. These are probably a little higher than the water clouds,
around 250-260K and 4-5 bar pressure.
Charlie Sobeck, Probe Engineering : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:35PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [384 ]
KK, the questions are coming in so fast we sometimes lose them. Please ask
your question again...
Dan : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:35PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [385 ]
The distance between the earth and Jupiter varies depending on the time of
the year - that is, the relative position of the earth changes as it
revolves around the sun, while Jupiter revolves much more slowly so is
essentially fixed. The answer: between 300 million miles and 540 million
miles (roughly).
Broadclyst,UK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:36PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [386 ]
Is Jupiter Hot or Cold? What is it made of? (for Heather Peirce,8 and
Jeremey Burrows 10)
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:36PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [387 ]
Jeff: OK, so over what distance will the species distributions be able to be
plotted (how many km ?)
KK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:36PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [388 ]
Jeff- my question pertains to that last one also (383)
: . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:37PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [389 ]
At that time NASA was screwing up, as J Van Allen tried unsuccesfully to
point out. THE SHUTTLE IS NOT COST EFFECTIVE AN IS A MISTAKE.
jeff bourdeau : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:37PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [390 ]
test
jeff bourdeau : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:37PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [391 ]
can anyone see my text?
Dennis, space fan : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:37PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [392 ]
Charlie: Ah, I see. I did not relize we had that many ships out there! It
will be interesting to see what the planet will reveal in the years to come.
I want to thank you for your time, and I admire the work that you and the
whole team have done on this project. Bravo!
Rich Young, Galileo Probe Project Scientist : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:37PM
PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [393 ]
Diana: The gravity on Jupiter at the pressure level corresponding to sea
level on the Earth is about 2.5 times the gravity on Earth.
jeff bourdeau : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:38PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [394 ]
ahhh i see it...no problem
Marcie Smith, Probe Manager : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:38PM PDT (-0700 GMT).
. . [395 ]
Jeff, we do see text from Jeff Bourdeau, yes
Diana H : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:38PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [396 ]
Oh...Since this % of He/H2 is much higher than expected, does that mean the
temperature is also higher than predicted?
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:38PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [397 ]
jeff bourdeau , we can see you....can you see us ???
Charlie Sobeck, Probe Engineering : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:38PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [398 ]
Dennis, the question of image and sound processing is always a hot topic
beacause it impats the bit rate you need from a given mission, and the
higher the bit rate, the more power... and so on. Much of these questions
are being more avidly pursued by Space Station beacuse they have so many
experiments that are trying to use a limited bandwidth.
Jeff Cuzzi, NASA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:38PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [399 ]
Justin - there are "irregularities" in the field - sort of magnetic lumps -
that are manifested by radio emissions localized to certain longitudes. This
is really the only way we can infer the field structure, is by observing
radio emission remotely (until we can send in a probe again).
Trevor, Armchair scientist, Dublin, GA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:38PM PDT
(-0700 GMT). . . [400 ]
With the number of planetary and deep-space probes increasing, is there any
danger of running out of reciever room to track all of these probes. What
future plans do you have for keeping in touch with all of our concurrent
missions?
Jane Rigby, entering freshman (astrophysics) at Penn State : . . . . Wed,
May 15, 5:38PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [401 ]
Monika: Thanks so much! Rich: I understand completely, but it seems to me
that NASA looks quite vulnerable to even more draconian budget cuts. I'm not
sure explorer's "Because it's there" (noble though it is) or your
explanation will work (especially on people who don't believe in evolution,
so of what use will info on primordial muck be?)
jeff bourdeau : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:39PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [402 ]
any new theories on the 'red spot' with this mission?
Billy Biggs, student : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:39PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . .
[403 ]
The similarities in concentrations of helium and hydrogen between Jupiter
and the sun have been mentioned. Do the similarities stop there, or how
close are the ties between Jupiter (and all gas giants?) to stars?
Justin - A 15 year old space fanatic : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:39PM PDT
(-0700 GMT). . . [404 ]
Jeff: These irregularites include?
Dan Carlock, Probe Engineer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:39PM PDT (-0700 GMT).
. . [405 ]
Attention AMES moderator, I don't think all of the incoming messages are
being posted!
KK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:39PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [406 ]
I can elaborate if you wish...
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:39PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [407 ]
Marcie, will the Webchat just go till it dribbles away, or will it stop at
some set hour ??
Moderator2 : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:40PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [408 ]
This chat room will be open until 9pm PST.
Broadclyst,UK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:40PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [409 ]
If we lived on Jupiter (say) and sent the probe to Earth - how much would we
have found out about the Earth? (for Chris Hunneyball)
Dennis Ting, programmer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:41PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . .
[410 ]
Charlie: fascinating, the EE inside of me! By the way where is Space Station
located?
Charlie Sobeck, Probe Engineering : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:41PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [411 ]
KK, the scientists here next to me tell me that a real brown dwarf would be
about 80 Jupiter masses. So it's not real close.
Chris, moderator : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:41PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [412 ]
Dan-I'm looking into the problem now.
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:41PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [413 ]
Oh, geez, 5 hours of chat ! Please post it later , I'll need to go away and
eat at some point ! (and would like to read the rest later..)
Dan Carlock, Probe Engineer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:42PM PDT (-0700 GMT).
. . [414 ]
Chris, perhaps we would have found that the Earth, like Jupiter, is full of
hot air, though not from natural sources ;-}
Justin - A 15 year old space fanatic : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:42PM PDT
(-0700 GMT). . . [415 ]
Are there plans for any other sessions similar to this perhaps regarding
other projects??
Rich Young, Galileo Probe Project Scientist : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:42PM
PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [416 ]
Heather and Jeremey: It depends on where on Jupiter you are talking about.
Near the outer layers Jupiter is cold, about minus 100 C. But deep down it
is very hot, many thousands of degrees.
Jeff Cuzzi, NASA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:42PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [417 ]
Explorer and KK- the pressure of 4-5 "bars", or atmospheric pressures, where
the limit of visibility is, corresponds to about 40-60 km depth - of course,
"below what" is loosely defined as the one atmospheric pressure level.
Dennis Ting, programmer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:42PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . .
[418 ]
Webmaster, is most of the people who are answering questions, from NASA Ames
specifically?
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:42PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [419 ]
Earth is full of hot air from human sources (specifically , politicians..)
Oliver : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:43PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [420 ]
Re: what Charlie said : not to mention the impact of photographs on the
general public. As a matter of fact we don't know the color of Jupiter's sky
seen from below, do we ?
Yvonne Pendleton Astrophysicist : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:43PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [421 ]
K.K., I lost your question, but I remember i was going to get to it. Could
you ask it again. Jeff Bourdeau: I don't think there are any new theories on
the Red Spot.
C. Radley-ex-Hughes Probe Engr : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:43PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [422 ]
Hi y'all. Thought I might drop in, congratulations on a great Probe mission.
I worked at Hughes Aircraft 1987-1989 on the Probe, I remember Charlie
Sobek. I worked for Bernie Dagarin. I am delighted that everything worked
nominally. Best regards to all.
Spider...High School Drop-Out : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:44PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [423 ]
I have heard that the core of Jupitor is metalic hydrogen. What is that
like?
Broadclyst,UK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:44PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [424 ]
(To Explorer) and I'll go back to bed!!
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:44PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [425 ]
Mr Ting, no, some of us are down here in S. Calif !
Marcie Smith, Probe Manager : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:44PM PDT (-0700 GMT).
. . [426 ]
Trevor, There are a lot of probes and a lot of care is taken to be sure that
the frequencies don't over lap. Even still, we do occaisionally get
interference that causes us to lose some data. An even bigger problem
sometimes is just getting an antenna on earth to find time to listen to the
data. Allocating tracking time is a full time job for a lot of people.
jeff bourdeau : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:44PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [427 ]
the 'red spot' is supposed to be a giant storm...correct? was anything new
learned with thi mission about that phenomena?
Rich Young, Galileo Probe Project Scientist : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:44PM
PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [428 ]
Diana: The higher He/H2 ratio does probably meant that Jupiter is hotter in
the interior than Saturn.
Jeff Cuzzi, NASA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:44PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [429 ]
Justin - the irregularities are sort of twists and knots in the field. They
occur on the sun, in sunspots; they are also seen in the magnetic field of
Uranus. Since the field is generated in conducting material (water?
Pressurized ice? at deep levels, it probably "means" some irregularities in
the internal structure.
Moderator2 : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:44PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [430 ]
At 9pm we will turn moderation on, after which nothing will get posted. We
will however edit late questions, and attempt to route to appropriate
experts. To ensure getting an answer include your E-mail address.
Charlie Sobeck, Probe Engineering : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:45PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [431 ]
Dennis, Space Station will be located in Earth orbit at 50-some degrees
angle of inclination (so the russions can reach it from their launch site).
It is being built by contractors all over the country, but is being managed
out of JSC in Houston.
: . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:45PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [432 ]
I dont consider 16 bits/sec a great success its to bad the main antenna is
still closed. Are there any plans to try again to open it?
Justin - A 15 year old space fanatic : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:46PM PDT
(-0700 GMT). . . [433 ]
Jeff: Cool, thanks.
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:46PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [434 ]
everything in moderation.....
Jeff Cuzzi, NASA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:46PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [435 ]
Spider - It's just another "state" of hydrogen, in which the electrons are
not closely bound to the nucleus but move freely from one nucleus to
another. In this it is like a more familiar metal, where electrons can carry
current.
Trevor, Armchair scientist, Dublin, GA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:46PM PDT
(-0700 GMT). . . [436 ]
I would like to comment to the "Shuttle Critic" that the Shuttle made
possible the amazing recovery of the Hubble Space Telescope. Browsing
through some of those amazing images coming back now gives me enough
justification in and of itself. This is an example of the usefulness of the
shuttle and manned missions.
Galileo Orbiter AACS Backroom (Steve Collins) : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:46PM
PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [437 ]
I've heard that the probe instruments changed temperature much more than
expected. What's the latest thinking about the reason?
Billy Biggs, student : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:47PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . .
[438 ]
Again, is or will the raw data recieved from the probe be available to the
public?
Diana H : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:47PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [439 ]
Oh, I have to go :( I just want to thank you all (especialy Rich, who
answered all my questions) And congratulations on all of your success!
Spider...High School Drop-Out : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:48PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [440 ]
So Jeff, I would assume that it is very dense...like a black hole?
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:48PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [441 ]
I agree, Trevor. Manned space is a neat thing, along with the unmanned
program.
KK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:48PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [442 ]
Charlie- So the very bright small central area (Infared photo I
saw)apparently deep within Jupiter is just 'internal heat' of sorts...? BTW-
One can see right thru the cloud layer 'cept for 2 bands 'hovering' above
this 'core' -Thanks!
Charlie Sobeck, Probe Engineering : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:49PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [443 ]
We are done trying to open the main antenna. It is stuck and will not open.
16 bps is not great, but we are uploading software this month to allow us to
go as high as 160 bps. Still not great, but a lot better than 16. And as our
Project Manager has said "Not all bits are created equal!" We are bring back
the most important bits, and with all this, I would certainly NOT call the
mission a failure!
KK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:49PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [444 ]
Yvonne- Question '442' is for you also :)
Dan Carlock, Probe Engineer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:50PM PDT (-0700 GMT).
. . [445 ]
Steve, the Probe's interior was coupled more closely to Jupiter's atmosphere
than we intended. We're performing an in-depth thermal analysis at Hughes
now to figure out why our design didn't work the way we wanted it to.
Jeff Cuzzi, NASA : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:50PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [446 ]
Spider - well, not that dense. There are atomic forces that hold the
molecules apart still- the next densest state of matter is sort of white
dwarf level, then the neutron star level. A true black hole is "infinitely"
dense.
: . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:50PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [447 ]
James Vaaan Allen put it well and I will quote, " manned space flight has
taken on an air of quaasi-religious fanatasim"
Dave Allard : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:50PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [448 ]
Technically curious, were the replays of the probe data necessary? Were
there gaps? Will this change the way the rest of the mission is done. (I
won't comment on the sticky tape recorder!)
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:51PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [449 ]
Can't believe they got the wiring backwards on the probe ! Anything else get
cross-wired ?
Galileo Orbiter AACS Backroom (Steve Collins) : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:51PM
PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [450 ]
Billy: the *raw* probe data is not really of much interest I watched the
stuff coming down and it just looks like a stream of random numbers. To make
any sense of it you need to know how the data is formatted and understand
how the instruments each work and their calibration. The probe scientists
will make "processed" data available to the general public after a year or
so. Perhaps Dr Young can elaborate further.
Broadclyst,UK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:51PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [451 ]
Is there any scope for terra forming on Jupiter's moons (for Chris
Hunneyball)
KK : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:52PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [452 ]
And I have a 'Creative' idea on how to open the main antenea. :)
Explorer : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:52PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [453 ]
Also, some data is in the current issue of Science.
jeff bourdeau : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:52PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [454 ]
so am i correct in saying that after the studies of jupiter are co
Oliver : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:52PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [455 ]
Someone (sorry !) mentioned the mass loss in the Probe due t entry, etc. And
I wonder how that could be measured ?
Marcie Smith, Probe Manager : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:52PM PDT (-0700 GMT).
. . [456 ]
Dave, The data was stored two different ways. The tape recorder, and then as
a backup, the core of the probe data was stored directly in the orbiter's
RAM. This data stored in the RAM was not coded and so had less fidelity.
That data we read out 3 times. The tape recorder data we read out only once.
CCnet : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:52PM PDT (-0700 GMT). . . [457 ]
How long before we send monkeys or other life on extra-solar system
missions?
Charlie Sobeck, Probe Engineering : . . . . Wed, May 15, 5:53PM PDT (-0700
GMT). . . [458 ]
KK, right! The bright spot is a window into the deeper, hotter layers. The
internal heat is the residual heat of accretion.